Accepting an unsuitable practice because doing so follows an accepted way of doing things.A.Categorical PropositionB.Irrelevant ReasonC.WorldviewD.Traditional WisdomQUESTION 2A way of saying something that literally says one thing though the intended meaning is something else, usually opposite to its literal meaning.A.PufferyB.TokenismC.AnalogyD.IronyQUESTION 3The positive or negative overtones of a word or expression.A.CompositionB.DenialC.Emotive MeaningD.Biased StatisticsQUESTION 4The fallacy in which a wrong is justified on the grounds that lots or most others do that sort of thing.A.Ad Hominem AttackB.Irrelevant ReasonC.Suppressed EvidenceD.Common PracticeQUESTION 5A reason offered in support of an argument’s conclusion.A.EquivocationB.PremiseC.Categorical PropositionD.WorldviewQUESTION 6The predicate of the conclusion of a syllogism.A.Questionable PremiseB.Major TermC.TokenismD.CompositionQUESTION 7To attempt to take advantage of the failure of one’s opponent to cross every t and dot every i, to spell out what should be taken for granted.A.QuibbleB.Questionable CauseC.ProvincialismD.Appeal to AuthorityQUESTION 8Generalized, vague, or exaggerated claims, particularly when asserted humorouslyA.ClaimB.Concatenated ReasoningC.PufferyD.Slanting1 points Save AnswerQUESTION 9A questionable analogy.A.MoodB.PremiseC.DelusionD.Faulty Comparison1 points Save AnswerQUESTION 10The tendency to keep our beliefs, and thus our actions, within the bounds of what society as a whole will accept.A.Biased StatisticsB.ClaimC.Irrelevant ReasonD.Herd Instinct1 points Save AnswerQUESTION 11Valid reasoning from justified premises that include all likely relevant information.A.Slippery Slope ReasoningB.Cogent ReasoningC.RationalizationD.Higher Level Inductions1 points Save AnswerQUESTION 12The attitudes or feelings expressed by a passage.A.Questionable CauseB.EssayC.FormD.Tone1 points Save AnswerQUESTION 13Assuming as a premise some form of the very point that is at issue – the conclusion we intend to prove.A.Questionable AnalogyB.Begging the QuestionC.Suppressed EvidenceD.Biased Statistics1 points Save AnswerQUESTION 14A word that appears to make little or no change in a passage while in fact sucking out most of its content.A.DelusionB.CompositionC.SuppressionD.Weasel Word1 points Save AnswerQUESTION 15A strong belief held despite strong evidence invalidating it.A.Common PracticeB.DelusionC.DilemmaD.Rationalization1 points Save AnswerQUESTION 16Believing that something is true because there is no good evidence that it is false.A.Either-Or FallacyB.LoyaltyC.Pseudoscientific TheoriesD.Appeal to Ignorance1 points Save AnswerQUESTION 17Arguing for a course of action by showing that likely alternatives are less desirable.A.Major TermB.Higher-Level InductionC.Comparison of AlternativesD.Premise1 points Save AnswerQUESTION 18Mistakenly reasoning from two alternatives, one claimed to be bad (to be avoided), so that we ought to choose the other alternative in particular when there is at least another viable alternative.A.False ChargeB.CompositionC.Either-Or FallacyD.Questionable Premise1 points Save AnswerQUESTION 19A theory that is without an actual scientific foundation.A.PseudoscientificB.Irrelevant ReasonC.Traditional WisdomD.Delusional1 points Save AnswerQUESTION 20Misrepresentation wherein a true statement is made to suggest something else.A.IronyB.Questionable CauseC.SlantingD.Self-deceptionQUESTION 21For each of the following questions provide a short answer (1-3 sentences).On your way to a restaurant you notice a billboard advertising a local gym. There is a picture of a fit, young man and woman in workout clothes, laughing. To one side is the name of the gym, and on the other is the following sentence:”Who Says Working Out Can’t Be Fun?” Which of the two basic kinds of advertisements would this fall under? Why?QUESTION 22For each of the following questions provide a short answer (1-3 sentences).By the time you reach the restaurant, you are no longer feeling hungry because the billboard made you realize how out of shape you have become. As you try to figure out the best light beer to buy from the list, you remember that one advertises with the slogan, “The Ultimate Light Beer Experience,” and decide to give it a try. This slogan can be termed as “puffery.” Why?QUESTION 23For each of the following questions provide a short answer (1-3 sentences).After dinner, you go home and flip through the mail. You find a direct mailing from a local car dealership advertising a 3.5% interest rate and $1500 rebate on the purchase of a new car. There is also a fine print statement at the bottom of the page that says, “Offer only good through Friday for buyers with a credit rating of 850 or better interested in buying a gray, 4-Door 2011 Chevy Impala.” What would you call this final disclaimer and why?QUESTION 24There are few publications as ideologically different as The Nation and The National Review. After reading the appropriate article sections, answer the following questions: Article 1: (2010). The Week. National Review, 62(11), 4-14. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database.The latest flare-up of violence off the Gaza coast has been months in the planning. Hamas, the Islamist movement that seized power in Gaza, does everything it can to bring in weapons and gunmen. Naturally there is an Israeli blockade. This time, Hamas got open Turkish backing to prepare and launch a flotilla of ships to enter Gaza. Hundreds of activists from all over the world, united only in hatred of Israel, were recruited to sail and provide civilian cover. Either the ships would dock, in which case the blockade would prove useless, or, more likely, there would be a confrontation, and Israel would be made to look bad. Either way, Hamas was sure to generate immense publicity, and that would be victory enough. As expected, Israeli commandos stormed the lead ship. Activists resisted, and nine or maybe ten people were killed.Article 2: NICHOLS, J. (2010) SPEAKING OUT ON ISRAEL. Nation, 290(24), 5. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database.Link to articleHaving read both reports on the same event, what is the bias of each news source?QUESTION 25There are few publications as ideologically different as The Nation and The National Review. After reading the appropriate article sections, answer the following questions: Article 1: (2010). The Week. National Review, 62(11), 4-14. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database.The latest flare-up of violence off the Gaza coast has been months in the planning. Hamas, the Islamist movement that seized power in Gaza, does everything it can to bring in weapons and gunmen. Naturally there is an Israeli blockade. This time, Hamas got open Turkish backing to prepare and launch a flotilla of ships to enter Gaza. Hundreds of activists from all over the world, united only in hatred of Israel, were recruited to sail and provide civilian cover. Either the ships would dock, in which case the blockade would prove useless, or, more likely, there would be a confrontation, and Israel would be made to look bad. Either way, Hamas was sure to generate immense publicity, and that would be victory enough. As expected, Israeli commandos stormed the lead ship. Activists resisted, and nine or maybe ten people were killed.Article 2: NICHOLS, J. (2010) SPEAKING OUT ON ISRAEL. Nation, 290(24), 5. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database.Link to article- http://eds.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?sid=c96bec08-161f-4cba-acff-b15b54945d08%40sessionmgr120&vid=0&hid=112&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3dFocusing on the second article, what indicates to you that there is bias in this article?QUESTION 26There are few publications as ideologically different as The Nation and The National Review. After reading the appropriate article sections, answer the following questions: Article 1: (2010). The Week. National Review, 62(11), 4-14. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database.The latest flare-up of violence off the Gaza coast has been months in the planning. Hamas, the Islamist movement that seized power in Gaza, does everything it can to bring in weapons and gunmen. Naturally there is an Israeli blockade. This time, Hamas got open Turkish backing to prepare and launch a flotilla of ships to enter Gaza. Hundreds of activists from all over the world, united only in hatred of Israel, were recruited to sail and provide civilian cover. Either the ships would dock, in which case the blockade would prove useless, or, more likely, there would be a confrontation, and Israel would be made to look bad. Either way, Hamas was sure to generate immense publicity, and that would be victory enough. As expected, Israeli commandos stormed the lead ship. Activists resisted, and nine or maybe ten people were killed.Article 2: NICHOLS, J. (2010) SPEAKING OUT ON ISRAEL. Nation, 290(24), 5. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database.Link to article- http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?sid=4b76d12a-1306-468a-9352-c2f1fd016ce2%40sessionmgr4010&vid=0&hid=4208&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3dFocusing on the first article, what indicates to you that there is bias in this article?QUESTION 27For each of the following arguments, determine whether each is valid or invalid. If valid, determine whether it is deductive or inductive. If invalid, explain why.My younger sister went to Mom and told that I pushed her into the door that cut her cheek. But it didn’t happen. I never pushed her. She must’ve just walked into the door on her own.QUESTION 28For each of the following arguments, determine whether each is valid or invalid. If valid, determine whether it is deductive or inductive. If invalid, explain why.It is still my belief that it is safest to buy bottled water rather than drink from the tap. I’ve heard about the most recent studies, the ones that say that bottled water is no purer than regular tap water. Yes, I have read that chemicals in the plastic bottles can be leeched into the water if they sit too long. But really, how can something coming from the tap be as good? It just can’t be.QUESTION 29For each of the following arguments, determine whether each is valid or invalid. If valid, determine whether it is deductive or inductive. If invalid, explain why.Whenever it rains at night, I can’t sleep. If I don’t sleep, my work suffers. If it rains at night, my work suffers.
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